represents a stake in the share capital of a company. Shareholders have a right of ownership over the net assets of the company, proportional to the number of shares they hold. Shareholders have the right to be informed about the company's activities, to participate and vote at General Shareholders' Meetings (GSM), and to receive dividends if the company pays them. Shareholders have the right to be informed about the company's activities, to participate and vote at General Shareholders' Meetings (GSM) and to receive dividends if the company has made a profit. Shareholders have the right to be informed about the company's activities, to participate and vote at General Shareholders' Meetings (GSM) and to receive dividends if the company has made a profit.

is the price at which a seller is willing to sell securities, commodities, or currency. BET is a price index weighted by the free float capitalization of the 10 most liquid companies listed on the regulated market of the Bucharest Stock Exchange.

is the first sectoral index of the Bucharest Stock Exchange (BSE) and reflects the overall trend in the prices of financial investment funds (SIFs) traded on the regulated BSE market. In addition to these, there is also the Fondul Proprietatea real estate investment fund, which is the only one of its kind in the country. The SIF index is calculated on the basis of the weighted average of the prices of the shares of the SIFs listed on the BSE.

is the composite index of the BVB market. It reflects the price evolution of all companies listed on the BVB regulated market, Categories I and II, except for SIFs. The index is calculated daily, based on the closing prices of the previous day, and is available on the BVB website.

is the highest price that potential buyers are willing to pay for securities, commodities, or currency. The price of a security is determined by the supply and demand for that security.

interest paid on a bond, expressed as a percentage of the face value. If the bond has a fixed coupon, interest is usually paid annually or semi-annually.

There are two types of dividends that a company can issue: cash and stock dividends. Usually, only one is paid at a certain time (either quarterly, biannually, or annually), but both may occur. In the case of cash dividends, a certain amount of money is distributed to each shareholder (for example, in the case of cash dividends of 0.25 lei per share, the owner of 100 shares will receive 25 lei in total). Cash dividends are normally paid to shareholders from the corporation's current income or accumulated profits. Dividends in shares are paid to shareholders from the corporation's current income or accumulated profits.

is a pro-rata distribution of additional shares to shareholders. A 10% dividend, for example, means that for every 10 shares held, the shareholder receives one additional share. If the company has 1,000,000 shares outstanding (common shares), the stock dividend will increase the number of outstanding shares of the company to a total of 1,100,000. The stock dividend is a form of dividend that increases the number of shares held by shareholders. The stock dividend is a form of dividend that increases the number of shares held by shareholders.

are futures or options contracts, which have securities or other financial assets as underlying assets. financial.

financial instruments issued by public bodies (state, central or local government bodies) or private entities (commercial companies), representing fractions of a loan contracted by the issuer, granting the holder the right to receive interest and the issuer the obligation to redeem the bond at maturity, under the specific terms and conditions of the bond issue. the obligation to redeem it at maturity, under the specific conditions of the bond issue.

the last price at which a transaction was executed during a trading day.

The average price is calculated by adding up all the relevant prices and then dividing the sum by the number of prices for a bond. The average price is calculated by adding up all the relevant prices and then dividing the sum by the number of prices for a bond.

are financial instruments in the form of securities based on an underlying asset, issued in accordance with a base prospectus and the documents related to that prospectus, and which may be admitted to trading on a regulated spot market. The issuers of structured products may be credit institutions, investment companies, and other financial institutions subject to authorization and regulation by the competent authority. Although structured products are not regulated by the law on securities, they are regulated by the law on credit institutions and investment companies. may be credit institutions, investment companies, as well as other financial institutions subject to the authorization and regulation of the competent authority. Although they are traded in a similar manner to financial instruments on the spot market, structured products share common features with derivative financial instruments.

can be defined as the probability of losing part of the initial investment or the entire amount. Risk is perceived differently from individual to individual, which is why it is an important factor considered by investors when deciding to invest in the capital market. Depending on the level of risk assumed, the investor may decide to choose a prudential strategy by selecting low-risk financial instruments (bank deposits, government bonds, etc.) or a speculative strategy by selecting high-risk financial instruments (stocks, futures, options, etc.). Depending on the level of risk assumed, investors may decide to adopt a prudent strategy by selecting low-risk financial instruments (bank deposits, government securities, mutual funds, or government/corporate bonds), or moderate/aggressive strategies by including higher-risk financial instruments (stocks, futures contracts, options) in their portfolios, which can be rewarded with higher returns. The risks associated with financial instruments involve three elements: higher risk (stocks, futures contracts, options) that can be rewarded by obtaining higher returns. The risks associated with financial instruments involve three elements: issuer risk (company), sector risk, and market risk.

is determined by the political and economic situation at the country level. It is a risk that cannot be avoided, as it can affect all issuers, regardless of their sector of activity.

represents the possibility that a major event could affect the activity of a commercial company, leading to its decline or even bankruptcy. On the capital market, there are companies with a low level of investment risk (large and stable companies whose shares have high liquidity) and companies with a higher level of risk, given the losses recorded, lower liquidity, or operation in an unstable economic sector. Reducing risk ) and companies with a higher level of risk, due to recorded losses, lower liquidity, or operating in an unstable economic sector. This type of risk can be reduced by diversifying the investment portfolio—financial instruments of issuers operating in different branches of the economy.

is a price index weighted by free float capitalization and reflects in real time the movement of blue chip stocks traded on the Bucharest Stock Exchange. Calculated in RON, EUR, and USD, and disseminated in real time by the Vienna Stock Exchange (Wiener Borse AG), ROTX is designed as a tradable index.

the general direction of a market or the price of an asset. A trend can be long-term or short-term. For example, a long-term bull market often includes a series of short-term downward corrections.